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Any Red Fox Sparrow
is a rare vagrant to central California. Red Fox Sparrows breed in
taiga forests across North America, and then migrate south to winter
mostly in the eastern United States. This is the Fox Sparrow familiar
to eastern observers; most are attributable to the nominate subspecies iliaca, like this one shown below from Boston, Massachusetts [photo 1 Feb 2004 © Glen Tepke; map from Rising (1996)].
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The subspecies breeding in Alaska and the western portion of the taiga zone is zaboria. It is a pretty pale gray and red sparrow and quite similar to nominate iliaca
[photo right from Gambell, St. Lawrence I., Alaska © Brian L.
Sullivan]. Note the pale gray back with rusty-red streaks, and the pale
gray head with rusty auriculars and through the lower face. The wings
and tail are rusty-red and contrast with the gray body, and the streaks
of the underparts are also rusty. The bill is rather small with a dark
upper mandible and a yellow or yellow-orange lower mandible. Its call
note is a lip-smacking thik.
It is now believed that all California records of Red Fox Sparrow pertain to the zaboria subspecies.
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In Monterey County there are apparently only 6 or 7 records of zaboria
Red Fox Sparrows. The only one to be photographed in the field is the
one shown above, from 21 Jan 2007 at Zmudowski SB (photo © D.
Roberson). It has all the classic characters: a pale gray head and
back, streaked with rusty-red and with rusty auriculars; contrasting
red wings and tail; reddish spots and streaks to underparts; and an
orange-yellow lower mandible.
There are two specimens
at MVZ: 22 Dec 1903 Big Sur River and 26 Dec 1918 in Seaside. Red Fox
Sparrows were observed at a feeder in Pebble Beach on 19 Jan 1973 (Alan
Baldridge et al.) and in Pfieffer-Big Sur SP on 4 Nov 1997 (Steve
Bailey, Don Roberson et al.). One wintered in Andrew Molera SP 5 Jan-15
Mar 1998 (and was banded by BSOL). Finally, another was banded by BSOL
at Andrew Molera SP on 29 Oct 1992 (photo © Craig
Hohenberger/BSOL). |
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As
to this latter record, though, there seem to be problems. The bird does
have a pale gray head with much rusty in the auriculars, and has a
contrasting red tail, and has a yellow-orange lower mandible. But the
back color seems quite dull and washed with brown, and the color of the
streaking on the underparts, especially across the breast, are heavier
than usual and more washed with dark brown than red. These characters
suggest that this bird comes from someplace where zaboria intergrades with another type of Fox Sparrow, perhaps with altivagans
Slate-colored? It does illustrate the difficulties one can encounter
with Fox Sparrows — there are individuals that show characters of
several groups and which cannot be firmly identified. |
There
will surely be more Red Fox Sparrows in MTY as observers begin looking
for them and reporting them. Hopefully these will also be photographed.
Excluding this 29 Oct intergrade bird, all records in MTY to date have
been in November–March. |
Go to detailed pages on each Fox Sparrow group: |
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Photos: All photos © Don Roberson, except as otherwise indicated; all rights reserved.
Literature cited:
Rising,
J.D. 1996. A Guide to the Identification and Natural History of the
Sparrows of the United States and Canada. Academic Press, New York.
Roberson, D. 2002. Monterey Birds, 2d ed. Monterey Pen. Audubon Soc., Carmel, CA.
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